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Compare Niue (2003) - Indian Ocean (2002)

Compare Niue (2003) z Indian Ocean (2002)

 Niue (2003)Indian Ocean (2002)
 NiueIndian Ocean
Administrative divisions none; note - there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 14 villages at the second order -
Age structure 0-14 years: NA%


15-64 years: NA%


65 years and over: NA% (2003 est.)		 -
Agriculture - products coconuts, passion fruit, honey, limes, taro, yams, cassava (tapioca), sweet potatoes; pigs, poultry, beef cattle -
Airports 1 (2002) -
Airports - with paved runways total: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002)		 -
Area total: 260 sq km


land: 260 sq km


water: 0 sq km		 total: 68.556 million sq km


note: includes Andaman Sea, Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, Great Australian Bight, Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman, Mozambique Channel, Persian Gulf, Red Sea, Strait of Malacca, and other tributary water bodies
Area - comparative 1.5 times the size of Washington, DC about 5.5 times the size of the US
Background Niue's remoteness, as well as cultural and linguistic differences between its Polynesian inhabitants and those of the rest of the Cook Islands, have caused it to be separately administered. The population of the island continues to drop (from a peak of 5,200 in 1966 to about 2,100 in 2002), with substantial emigration to New Zealand, 2,400 km to the southwest. The Indian Ocean is the third-largest of the world's five oceans (after the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Ocean, but larger than the Southern Ocean and Arctic Ocean). Four critically important access waterways are the Suez Canal (Egypt), Bab el Mandeb (Djibouti-Yemen), Strait of Hormuz (Iran-Oman), and Strait of Malacca (Indonesia-Malaysia). The decision by the International Hydrographic Organization in the spring of 2000 to delimit a fifth ocean, the Southern Ocean, removed the portion of the Indian Ocean south of 60 degrees south.
Birth rate NA births/1,000 population (2003 est.) -
Budget revenues: $NA


expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA		 -
Capital Alofi -
Climate tropical; modified by southeast trade winds northeast monsoon (December to April), southwest monsoon (June to October); tropical cyclones occur during May/June and October/November in the northern Indian Ocean and January/February in the southern Indian Ocean
Coastline 64 km 66,526 km
Constitution 19 October 1974 (Niue Constitution Act) -
Country name conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Niue


former: Savage Island		 -
Currency New Zealand dollar (NZD) -
Death rate NA deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) -
Debt - external $418,000 (2002 est.) -
Dependency status self-governing in free association with New Zealand since 1974; Niue fully responsible for internal affairs; New Zealand retains responsibility for external affairs and defense; however, these responsibilities confer no rights of control and are only exercised at the request of the Government of Niue -
Diplomatic representation from the US none (self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand) -
Diplomatic representation in the US none (self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand) -
Disputes - international none some maritime disputes (see littoral states)
Economic aid - recipient $2.6 million from New Zealand (2002) -
Economy - overview The economy suffers from the typical Pacific island problems of geographic isolation, few resources, and a small population. Government expenditures regularly exceed revenues, and the shortfall is made up by critically needed grants from New Zealand that are used to pay wages to public employees. Niue has cut government expenditures by reducing the public service by almost half. The agricultural sector consists mainly of subsistence gardening, although some cash crops are grown for export. Industry consists primarily of small factories to process passion fruit, lime oil, honey, and coconut cream. The sale of postage stamps to foreign collectors is an important source of revenue. The island in recent years has suffered a serious loss of population because of migration of Niueans to New Zealand. Efforts to increase GDP include the promotion of tourism and a financial services industry, although Premier LAKATANI announced in February 2002 that Niue will shut down the offshore banking industry. Economic aid from New Zealand in 2002 was about $2.6 million. The Indian Ocean provides major sea routes connecting the Middle East, Africa, and East Asia with Europe and the Americas. It carries a particularly heavy traffic of petroleum and petroleum products from the oilfields of the Persian Gulf and Indonesia. Its fish are of great and growing importance to the bordering countries for domestic consumption and export. Fishing fleets from Russia, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan also exploit the Indian Ocean, mainly for shrimp and tuna. Large reserves of hydrocarbons are being tapped in the offshore areas of Saudi Arabia, Iran, India, and western Australia. An estimated 40% of the world's offshore oil production comes from the Indian Ocean. Beach sands rich in heavy minerals and offshore placer deposits are actively exploited by bordering countries, particularly India, South Africa, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, and Thailand.
Electricity - consumption 2.79 million kWh (2001) -
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2001) -
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2001) -
Electricity - production 3 million kWh (2001) -
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 100%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2001)		 -
Elevation extremes lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location near Mutalau settlement 68 m		 lowest point: Java Trench -7,258 m


highest point: sea level 0 m
Environment - current issues increasing attention to conservationist practices to counter loss of soil fertility from traditional slash and burn agriculture endangered marine species include the dugong, seals, turtles, and whales; oil pollution in the Arabian Sea, Persian Gulf, and Red Sea
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification


signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea		 -
Ethnic groups Polynesian (with some 200 Europeans, Samoans, and Tongans) -
Exchange rates New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 2.162 (2002), 2.3776 (2001), 2.1863 (2000), 1.8886 (1999), 1.8629 (1998) -
Executive branch chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); the UK and New Zealand are represented by New Zealand High Commissioner John BRYAN (since NA May 2000)


head of government: Premier Young VIVIAN (since 1 May 2002)


cabinet: Cabinet consists of the premier and three ministers


elections: the monarch is hereditary; premier elected by the Legislative Assembly for a three-year term; election last held 1 May 2002 (next to be held NA May 2005)


election results: Young VIVIAN elected premier; percent of Legislative Assembly vote - Young VIVIAN (NPP) 70%, Hunukitama HUNUKI (AI) 30%		 -
Exports NA (2001) -
Exports - commodities canned coconut cream, copra, honey, vanilla, passion fruit products, pawpaws, root crops, limes, footballs, stamps, handicrafts -
Exports - partners NZ mainly, Fiji, Cook Islands, Australia (2000) -
Fiscal year 1 April - 31 March -
Flag description yellow with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the flag of the UK bears five yellow five-pointed stars - a large one on a blue disk in the center and a smaller one on each arm of the bold red cross -
GDP purchasing power parity - $7.6 million (2000 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: NA%


industry: NA%


services: 55%		 -
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $3,600 (2000 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate -0.3% (2000 est.) -
Geographic coordinates 19 02 S, 169 52 W 20 00 S, 80 00 E
Geography - note one of world's largest coral islands major chokepoints include Bab el Mandeb, Strait of Hormuz, Strait of Malacca, southern access to the Suez Canal, and the Lombok Strait
Highways total: 234 km


paved: 86 km


unpaved: 148 km (2001)		 -
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%		 -
Imports NA (2001) -
Imports - commodities food, live animals, manufactured goods, machinery, fuels, lubricants, chemicals, drugs -
Imports - partners NZ mainly, Fiji, Japan, Samoa, Australia, US (2000) -
Independence on 19 October 1974, Niue became a self-governing parliamentary government in free association with New Zealand -
Industrial production growth rate NA% -
Industries tourism, handicrafts, food processing -
Infant mortality rate total: NA%


male: NA%


female: NA%		 -
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 1% (1995) -
International organization participation ACP, ESCAP (associate), FAO, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UNESCO, WHO, WMO -
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2000) -
Irrigated land NA sq km -
Judicial branch Supreme Court of New Zealand; High Court of Niue -
Labor force NA -
Labor force - by occupation most work on family plantations; paid work exists only in government service, small industry, and the Niue Development Board -
Land boundaries 0 km -
Land use arable land: 19.23%


permanent crops: 7.69%


other: 73.08% (1998 est.)		 -
Languages Niuean, a Polynesian language closely related to Tongan and Samoan; English -
Legal system English common law


note: Niue is self-governing, with the power to make its own laws		 -
Legislative branch unicameral Legislative Assembly (20 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms; six elected from a common roll and 14 are village representatives)


elections: last held 21 March 2002 (next to be held in March 2005)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NPP 9, independents 11; note - all 20 seats were reelected		 -
Life expectancy at birth total population: NA years


male: NA years


female: NA years (2003 est.)		 -
Literacy definition: NA


total population: 95%


male: NA%


female: NA%		 -
Location Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Tonga body of water between Africa, the Southern Ocean, Asia, and Australia
Map references Oceania Political Map of the World
Maritime claims exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM		 -
Merchant marine none (2002 est.) -
Military - note defense is the responsibility of New Zealand -
Military branches no regular indigenous military forces; Police Force -
National holiday Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840) -
Nationality noun: Niuean(s)


adjective: Niuean		 -
Natural hazards typhoons occasional icebergs pose navigational hazard in southern reaches
Natural resources fish, arable land oil and gas fields, fish, shrimp, sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules
Net migration rate NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) -
Political parties and leaders Niue People's Action Party or NPP [Young VIVIAN]; Alliance of Independents or AI [leader NA] -
Political pressure groups and leaders NA -
Population 2,145 (July 2003 est.) -
Population below poverty line NA% -
Population growth rate 0.01% (2003 est.) -
Ports and harbors none; offshore anchorage only Chennai (Madras; India), Colombo (Sri Lanka), Durban (South Africa), Jakarta (Indonesia), Kolkata (Calcutta; India) Melbourne (Australia), Mumbai (Bombay; India), Richards Bay (South Africa)
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998) -
Railways 0 km -
Religions Ekalesia Niue (Niuean Church - a Protestant church closely related to the London Missionary Society) 75%, Latter-Day Saints 10%, other 15% (mostly Roman Catholic, Jehovah's Witnesses, Seventh-Day Adventist) -
Sex ratio NA (2003 est.) -
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal -
Telephone system domestic: single-line telephone system connects all villages on island


international: NA		 -
Telephones - main lines in use 376 (1991) -
Telephones - mobile cellular 0 (1991) -
Television broadcast stations 1 (1997) -
Terrain steep limestone cliffs along coast, central plateau surface dominated by counterclockwise gyre (broad, circular system of currents) in the southern Indian Ocean; unique reversal of surface currents in the northern Indian Ocean; low atmospheric pressure over southwest Asia from hot, rising, summer air results in the southwest monsoon and southwest-to-northeast winds and currents, while high pressure over northern Asia from cold, falling, winter air results in the northeast monsoon and northeast-to-southwest winds and currents; ocean floor is dominated by the Mid-Indian Ocean Ridge and subdivided by the Southeast Indian Ocean Ridge, Southwest Indian Ocean Ridge, and Ninetyeast Ridge
Total fertility rate NA children born/woman (2003 est.) -
Unemployment rate NA% -
Waterways none -
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